美国升学选择模型的演变及对我国高考改革的启示-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Study on the Evolution of the College Choice Model in America and the Enlightenment to the Reform of China’s College Entrance Examination

Author(s):: HUA Hua; Institute?of?Sociology,?Shanghai?Academy?of?Social?Sciences

摘要:: 20世纪70年代以来，伴随着大学招生的竞争加剧、学生内部异质性增强以及大学入学机会不平等的凸显，美国加强了对大学升学选择模型机制的不断探究。其中，过程模型关注升学选择的综合过程，其出发点是优化招生策略；多层模型强调多重社会背景对升学选择的制约，有助于解释升学选择和教育机会的不平等；理性行动模型重视个体选择的微观机制，回应了美国非裔学生对大学的教育热望和实际升学选择之间的悖论。三类模型分别展现了升学选择的过程系统性、背景复杂性和个体差异性，为我国高考改革背景下的升学选择研究提供了启示和借鉴。

Abstract:: Since the 1970s, with the intensified competition between universities in student recruitment, the increasingly diversified student body, and the prominence of unequal access to universities, the research on college choice has been strengthened continuously in the United States. Among the various theoretical models, the process model considers the college choice as a comprehensive process, aiming at optimizing the recruitment strategy. The multi-layered conceptual model focuses on the restriction of multiple social backgrounds on college choice, contributing to understanding the inequality in college access. The rational action model emphasizes the micro-mechanisms of individual choice and responds to the paradox between college aspirations and choice among African-American students. Demonstrating the process of systematicness, background complexity, and individual differences in college choice, the three models provide enlightenment and references for college choice studies under the college entrance examination reform in China.