论我国学术评价中的程序正当和结果公正-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: On the Procedural Legitimacy and Outcome Justice in Academic Evaluation in China

Keywords:: academic evaluation; compliance with procedures; procedural legitimacy; fairness of result; institutional design; improvement strategy

摘要:: 学术评价活动与每一个学术人的切身利益和至高价值追求息息相关。学术评价的本质特征导致了学术评价结果公正的影响因素极为复杂多样。一方面，学术评价具有天然的自由裁量权、社会公众监督的艰难性，以及司法介入学术评价的有限性，因而决定了其本身具有不完善程序正义的典型特征。另一方面，在学术评价程序的“正当过程”中，存在形式主义倾向，差别原则在实际运行中存在纰漏，权力和人情导致学术评价异化，学术评价的公信力受到质疑。本研究在分析学术评价的程序正义表征和学术评价结果公正之现实困境的基础上，探讨了我国学术评价程序正当和结果公正的影响因素，提出了学术评价从程序正当到结果公正的制度设计和改进策略。

Abstract:: Academic evaluation activities are closely related to the vital interests and high-value pursuit of each academic person. The essential characteristics of academic evaluation lead to the complexity and diversity of factors influencing the fairness of academic evaluation results. On the one hand, academic evaluation has a typical characteristic of imperfect procedural justice because of its natural discretionary power, the difficulty of social supervision, and the limitation of judicial intervention in academic evaluation. On the other hand, in the “legitimate process” of academic evaluation procedures, there is a tendency of formalism. There are flaws in the actual operation of the difference principle. Power and personal relationships lead to the dissimilation of academic evaluation, and the credibility of academic evaluation is questioned. Based on the analysis of the procedural justice characterization of academic evaluation and the realistic dilemma of the fairness of academic evaluation results in?China, the study explores the influencing factors of the fairness of academic evaluation results and proposes strategies for institutional design and the improvement of the academic evaluation to enhancing the legitimacy of procedure and the fairness of result.