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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2026年05期

页码:

103-113

栏目:

国际与比较教育

出版日期:

2026-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Con?icts and Coordination in the Development of Swiss Universities of Applied Sciences

作者:

许竞¹ 马司懿² 项静姝³ 许锋⁴

1. 教育部 职业教育发展中心；2. 伦敦大学学院 教育学院；3. 北京城市学院 国际文化与传播学部；4. 贵阳康养职业大学 基础医学院

Author(s):

XU Jing¹ MA Si-yi² XIANG Jing-shu³ XU Feng⁴

1. Center for Vocational Education Development, Ministry of Education; 2. Institute of Education, University College London; 3. School of International Culture and Communication, Beijing City University;4. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang Healthc

关键词:

瑞士; 应用科学大学; 类型定位; 冲突; 制度协调

Keywords:

Switzerland;  universities of applied sciences;  typological positioning;  conflict;  institutional coordination

分类号:

G649.522

DOI:

10.14138/j.1001-4519.2026.05.010311

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

瑞士应用科学大学兴起于20世纪90年代中后期，大多由早期高等专业学校转型升格而成。应用科学大学与传统大学“地位同等、类型有别”，以服务区域中小企业的应用型人才培养和应用技术研发为使命。这类新型大学在其兴起和发展过程中，经历了生源、师资和经费等方面一系列冲突与协调。面对这些冲突，联邦政府以立法定位、建设期审查、入学资格设计和创新配套资助等制度工具从中协调，使各方博弈转化为对应用科学大学类型边界的动态维护。瑞士经验表明，应用科学大学的类型定位并非一次立法或行政命名所能确立，而有赖于在关键制度节点上持续的国家引导与多方协调。这对我国深化高校分类改革、建强应用型高校具有参考价值。

Abstract:

Swiss universities of applied sciences (UAS) emerged in the mid-to-late 1990s as a regionally organized type of higher education institution, positioned as “equivalent but different in type” vis-à-vis conventional universities. Their mission centres on cultivating application-oriented professionals and conducting applied R&D for local small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In their emergence and development, these new institutions have undergone a series of con?icts and coordinations concerning student recruitment, faculty, and funding. To address these con?icts, the federal government has acted as coordinator through institutional instruments such as legislative positioning, time-limited accreditation reviews during the establishment period, differentiated admission arrangements, and matched innovation funding, thereby converting inter-stakeholder contention into a dynamic mechanism for maintaining the institutional boundaries of UAS. The Swiss experience suggests that the typological status of universities of applied sciences cannot be secured by a single act of legislation or administrative labelling. It depends instead on sustained state steering and multi-party coordination at key institutional junctures. This provides valuable references for China in deepening the classification reform of higher education institutions and strengthening application-oriented universities.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-10-20