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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2025年03期

页码:

150-160

栏目:

国际与比较教育

出版日期:

2025-06-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

College Entrance Examination Board and the Institutionalization of College Entrance Examination in the United States

作者:

杨 帆

北京外国语大学 国际教育学院

Author(s):

YANG Fan

Graduate School of Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University

关键词:

高校招生考试制度; 大学入学考试委员会; 标准化考试; 高考改革

Keywords:

college entrance examination system;  college entrance examination board;  standardized testing;  college entrance examination reform

分类号:

G649.712

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

19世纪末至20世纪初,美国高校招生考试经历了从混乱走向统一的制度化过程。大学入学考试委员会组织机构的不断健全、运行机制的不断完善以及在此过程中统一入学考试观念的形成和共同考试规则的制定,构成了美国高校招生考试制度化的主要内容。大学入学考试委员会逐渐发展成全国性的校外考试机构,为美国大学入学考试的统一和标准化奠定了重要组织基础。系统考察美国高校招生考试制度化的历程及特点,对于我国新一轮高考改革有以下启示:要树立系统培养观念,加强中学与大学的有效衔接;要注意发挥民间教育团体的参与力量,高度重视大学校长在高考改革中的推动作用;高考技术层面应重视对考生综合学业能力的考查,避免过度强调对学科知识的记忆和复述。

Abstract:

From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the U.S.college entrance examination underwent an institutionalized transformation from disorder to uniformity. The continuous improvement of the organizational structure of College Entrance Examination Board, the continuous improvement of the operating mechanism, the formation of the unified entrance examination concept and the formulation of common examination rules constitute the main contents of the institutionalization of college entrance examination in the United States.The Examination Board gradually developed into a national off-campus examination organization, which had laid an important organizational foundation for the unification and standardization of college entrance examination in the United States. A systematic investigation into the institutionalization process and characteristics of college entrance examination in the United States offers the following implications for the new round of college entrance examination reform in China: First, we should establish the concept of systematic talent cultivation and promote the effective connection between secondary school and university. Secondly, we should pay attention to the participation of non-governmental educational organizations and attach great importance to the role of university presidents in promoting the reform of the college entrance examination. Finally, the technical level of college entrance examination should pay attention to the examination of candidates’ comprehensive academic ability, and avoid over-emphasizing the memorization and repetition of subject knowledge.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-06-20