我国高中阶段“普职比”该不该大体相当? ——“正反方”多维论辩的理性审视-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Should the “Proportion of General Education to Vocational Education” in High School Stage Be Roughly Equivalent in China?

Keywords:: high school stage; proportion of general education to vocational education is roughly equivalent; multidimensional arguments; reform methodology

摘要:: 高中阶段“普职比大体相当”作为中等教育结构调整的重要组成部分,近些年得到了毁誉参半的关注与讨论。无论是在个体的教育需求、社会的教育公平还是经济产业的发展以及教育体系的完善等方面, 高中阶段“普职比大体相当”均遭到了一定的质疑,但同时也拥有诸多辩护。不同观点在多个维度的交锋与论辩充分体现了高中阶段“普职比大体相当”背后的深度复杂性。为此,对我国高中阶段“普职比”该不该大体相当的分析需采取一种理性辩证的视角,对如何合理调整“普职比大体相当”也需科学完善的方法论作为指导,即以明晰高中阶段“普职比”的影响因素为调整前提,以道德正当、因地制宜和有限推进为调整思路,以系统化提升中等职业教育吸引力为调整关键。

Abstract:: As a significant part of the structural adjustment of secondary education, the policy that advocates for “a roughly equivalent proportion of general education to vocational education” has garnered mixed attention and sparked considerable debate in recent years. This policy has faced scrutiny concerning individual educational needs, social equity in education, industrial economic development, and the improvement of the educational system. Despite the criticisms, there are also many defenses. The clashes and debates across multiple dimensions fully demonstrate the profound complexity behind the equivalency of general and vocational education at the high school level. Therefore, an analysis of whether the “general-to-vocational education ratio” should be roughly equivalent at this stage requires a rational, dialectical perspective. Moreover, adjusting this ratio calls for a scientifically sound methodology, which includes identifying the factors influencing this proportion at the high school level as the basis for adjustment. The reform should focus on ensuring moral legitimacy, adapting to local conditions, progressing with limitations, and systematically enhancing the appeal of secondary vocational education.