规则重构与隐秘挑战:我国《职业教育法》修订的权益趋向与困境回应-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Rule Reconstruction and Hidden Challenge: Direction and Dilemma of the Revision of Vocational Education Law of China

Author(s):: GAO Yang; Institute of Lifelong Education, The Open University of China

Keywords:: Vocational Education Law; amendment of law; rights and interests; system construction

摘要:: 《职业教育法》构建了新时代职业教育体系和发展框架。法律修订通过在立法目的、法律依据、合法性基础、权责利等方面的提升,实现了职业教育内部的权益重构,规范了职业教育外部的社会秩序。《职业教育法》努力破除人才供需矛盾、生源矛盾、普职融合等方面的困境,但总体上也面临着发展细节待明确、机制建设不完善、认知偏见顽固等挑战。在职业教育未来发展中,应建构适切技能型社会的制度规则、标准规范等规制框架,逐步细化可操作性机制;优化产教融合与校企合作中的行为规范,平衡就业与教育双重功能;培育职业教育文化,发挥职业教育的社会价值,提高职业教育的社会声誉和认可度。

Abstract:: Vocational Education Law of the People’s Republic of China(2022 Revision)has constructed a vocational education system and framework. By improving the legal basis, legislative purpose, rights and responsibilities, the revision has realized the internal rights reconstruction of vocational education and standardized the external social order of vocational education. The law strives to overcome the current difficulties, mainly in the contradiction between supply and demand, and the contradiction between students, integration of general education and vocational education. However, vocational education is still faced with challenges such as unclear development details, imperfect mechanism construction and persistent cognitive bias. From the point of institutional perfection, three aspects should be strengthened in the future. We need to construct regulatory frameworks such as system rules and standards to gradually refine the operational mechanism. The government should take the responsibility to optimize the code of conduct in the school-enterprise cooperation and to balance the functions of employment and education. The recognition of vocational education should be improved through cultivating vocational education culture with playing its social role.