增强职业教育适应性:德国职业行动能力发展研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Enhancing the Adaptability of Vocational Education: Research on the Development of the Professional Action Ability in Germany

Keywords:: adaptability of vocational education; professional action ability; framework; element; Germany

摘要:: 为了应对智能时代产业转型升级需要,增强职业教育适应性成为各国普遍追求。从国际上来看,德国已经形成轮廓清晰的实践模式。一方面,德国通过深入研究智能时代生产和服务模式特征,制定了职业行动能力基本框架,明确了职业行动能力核心要素。职业行动能力框架由专业维度(包括知识和技能)和个人维度(包括社会能力和独立能力)构成,不同能力维度又细化为12项职业行动能力要素。另一方面,德国职业行动能力的框架和要素引领了《职业教育条例》改革。通过附加资质和全面覆盖的方式,职业行动能力框架和要素得以体现到《职业教育条例》当中,直接指导了职业教育实践。以职业行动能力研究为媒介,德国实现了职业教育与产业需求的有效对接,从而提升了职业教育适应性。

Abstract:: To address the industrial transformation and upgrading in the intelligent era, enhancing the adaptability of vocational education has become a common pursuit in all countries. From a global perspective, Germany has formed a clear-cut model in practice. On the one hand, Germany has formulated the basic framework of professional action ability and defined its core elements through in-depth research on the characteristics of the production and service models in the intelligent era. The professional action ability framework outlines professional dimensions (including knowledge and skills) and personal dimensions (including social and independent ability). The different ability dimensions are subdivided into 12 professional action ability elements. On the other hand, the framework and elements of German vocational action ability drive the reform of the “Vocational Education Regulation.”Through additional qualifications and comprehensive coverage, the professional action capability framework and elements are addressed in the “Vocational Education Regulation,” which directly guides the practice of vocational education. By leveraging the research on professional action ability, Germany has achieved an effective connection between vocational education and industrial demand and therefore enhanced the adaptability of vocational education.