大学的理念与理想的大学 ——以现代综合-研究型大学为例-清华大学教育研究

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Title:: The Idea of University and Ideal University ——Modern Comprehensive Research University as an Example

Keywords:: the idea of university; the ideal of university; the commitment to cultural transmission; the conceptions of high education

摘要:: 大学是通过传播、生产、创新人类知识和文化来培养高、精、尖之科技精英和高端文化精英的特殊高地。基于较为完备的学科体系、教研体系、人才培养模式和社会服务方式，大学得以达成其培养知识先进、科技专家、人格典范和文化精英的基本目标。统领所有这些大学要素的是大学的核心理念，大学理念不仅预制着大学目标及其达成的限度，也表达着大学可能达到的理想高度。现代研究型综合大学的演进历史和几次重大转型都证明了这一点。理解和确立当代研究型综合性大学理念与理想的现实难题是，如何正视一流现代研究型综合性大学在民族文化传承方面的特殊责任，如何合理理解精英主义与平等主义两种高等教育观念的冲突，并化解两者之间的张力。

Abstract:: University cultivates the Elite groups of sciences, technologies and cultures with a set of high-standards. Based upon a comprehensive discipline system, that of teaching-researching system, talent training mode and the way of social service, university can achieve all of these goals. However, all these must be dominated by or under the guidance of the very idea of a university. We can, in the case of so-called comprehensive research universities, find out that not only the idea of a university does presuppose the university’s goal and its limitation of its goal-attainment, but also means how far the university can go with its ideal by reviewing the history of modern university. What the problems we have to deal with are: how does a university commit to assuming the liability for the cultural transmission, nationally or internationally, and how to understand, and then go through the antithetical tension between Elitism and Egalitarianism in modern high education.