“学校优先”还是“专业优先”？ ——新高考背景下学生志愿填报取向对录取匹配度的影响-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Priority to College or Major? ——The Impact of Application Preference on Student-College/Major Match under the New College Entrance Examination

Author(s):: XU Wei-qin¹ ZHONG Bing-lin²; 1.School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University;2.Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: applications for college entrance; new college entrance examination; student-college/major match; propensity score matching

摘要:: 新高考改革的重要举措之一是探索实行“专业(类)+学校”的平行志愿填报模式，倡导学生在志愿填报取向上实现从“总分匹配”到“专业导向”的转变。基于国内某新高考试点省份大学生的大规模问卷调查数据发现：(1)相较于2017年参加高考的学生，2018年参加高考的学生在填报志愿时倾向于“专业优先”的概率显著更高；(2)“专业优先”取向对学生录取匹配度有显著的提升作用，且在考虑内生性问题后，该结论依然成立；(3)组群差异分析结果显示，高考志愿填报取向对弱势家庭文化和职业背景的学生的录取匹配度有显著影响，但对优势家庭文化和职业背景的学生的影响不显著。为进一步提升学生录取匹配度，未来可重点从加强高中生生涯规划教育、深化招生录取方式改革、完善高校转专业政策及配套措施等方面进行探索。

Abstract:: The “major (category)+college” application mode for college entrance, one of the important measures taken by new college entrance examination reform, advocates students to prioritize majors rather than college when making higher education choices. Based on the large-scale survey data of a pilot province in China, this paper analyzes the impact of application preference on the student-college/major match degree under the new college entrance examination. The study finds that: first, compared with the students who participated in the college entrance examination in 2017, those who participated in the college entrance examination in 2018 are more likely to give priority to majors rather than schools when making higher education choices. Second, “major priority” orientation significantly promotes the student-college/major match, and the conclusion is still valid when considering endogenous problems. Third, the effect of application preference on student-college/major match varies with family background. To be specific, application preference has a positive influence on student-college/major match perception among students with weak family culture and professional background, while having no significant influence among students with advantaged family culture and professional background. Implications for improving student-college/major match perception are discussed at the end.