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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2022年05期

页码:

121-130

栏目:

教师与学生

出版日期:

2022-10-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Career Development Quality Evaluation of PhDs in Science and Engineering: A Comparative Perspective of Academic and Non-academic Career

作者:

金蕾莅¹ 杨佳乐²

1.清华大学 学生职业发展指导中心；2.中国社会科学院 中国社会科学评价研究院

Author(s):

JIN Lei-Li¹ YANG Jia-Le²

1.Career Development Center, Tsinghua University;2.Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Evaluation Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

关键词:

理工科博士; 客观职业发展质量; 主观职业发展质量; 学术职业; 非学术职业

Keywords:

PhDs in Science and Engineering;  objective career development quality;  subjective career development quality;  academic career;  non-academic career

分类号:

G643

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

理工科博士的职业发展质量不仅关乎个人生活福祉，而且决定建设世界主要科学中心和创新高地的高层次人才供给水平。目前对博士职业发展质量的考察或集中在学术职业，或聚焦于非学术职业，尚缺乏两种职业选择间的相互比较。基于1204名平均博士毕业4年的“双一流”高校理工科博士调查数据，发现无论是以年收入为代理变量的客观职业发展质量，还是以体面工作感知为代理变量的主观职业发展质量，相较学术职业者，非学术职业者均具有显著优势。二者差距在高收入组和高体面工作感知组达到最大。进一步分析发现，在体面工作感知的若干分维度中，非学术职业者对合理回报与休闲时间的主观感知高于学术职业者，不过只有在中等或中高分位点才达到统计显著。学术职业轨与非学术职业轨的主客观职业发展质量差异主要源自不同性别在劳动力市场上回报率不同，以及在体面工作感知上的系统性差别。

Abstract:

The career development quality of science and engineering PhDs is not only related to personal well-being, but also determines the high-level talent supply level of the world’s major science centers and innovation highlands. So far, the investigation on the quality of doctoral career development either focuses on academic careers or non-academic careers, yet there is a lack of comparison between the two career options. Based on the survey data of 1204 science and engineering PhD graduates who graduated from double first-class universities (Category A) within an average of 4 years, findings are as follows. Compared with the academic career track, the non-academic career track has significant advantage, no matter in the objective career development quality represented by the annual income, or in the subjective career development quality represented by decent work. The gap between two groups is the largest in the high income group and the high decent job perception group. Further analysis shows that in several sub-dimensions of decent work, non-academic career track’s participants reported higher levels of adequate compensation and hours that allow for free time and rest than their counterparts in academic career track, but it is statistically significant only in the medium or medium-high group. The differences of subjective and objective career development quality between academic career track and non-academic career track are mainly due to the different economic returns in the labor market across genders, as well as the systematic differences in the decent work perception.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-10-20