精英高校能否弥补家庭第一代大学生的能力劣势？ ——基于追踪调查的实证研究-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Can Elite Universities Make up for the Disadvantages of the First-Generation College Students? ——An Empirical Research Based on a Longitudinal Survey

Author(s):: WANG Yan-song¹ MA Li-ping²; 1.School of Education，Beijing Sport University;2.Institute of Economics of Education, Peking university

Keywords:: first-generation college students; elite university; student development; student involvement

摘要:: 本文使用国内某精英高校本科生追踪调查数据，分析家庭第一代大学生入学前和入学后在批判性思维能力、创新能力、毅力与自我认知能力方面是否存在劣势，并从劣势弥补的角度出发，探讨教学方式与在学活动对一代大学生能力发展的影响。研究发现，在进入大学之前，精英高校一代大学生的批判性思维和毅力不存在劣势，但创新能力和自我认知显著低于非一代大学生，且存在一定的异质性。进入大学后，大学教育能够弥补一代大学生自我认知的劣势，尤其是采用引导式教学效果明显；尽管参与体育健身活动对一代大学生创新能力促进作用更大，但是大学教育仍难以弥补他们在创新能力上的劣势。

Abstract:: Using a longitudinal survey of undergraduate students in an elite university, this paper compares the critical thinking, innovation, perseverance and self-cognition ability of first-generation and non-first-generation college students. It analyzes whether the disadvantages of first-generation college students could be made up in universities. The paper finds that first-generation college students do not show disadvantages in critical thinking and perseverance before entering the university. However, their innovation ability and self-cognition are significantly lower than those of non-first-generation college students, and those disadvantages have group heterogeneity. First-generation college students improved more in self-cognition, for which guided teaching played a significant role. Physical fitness activities improve the innovation ability of first-generation college students, but it is not enough to make up for their disadvantages in innovation ability.