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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2022年04期

页码:

20-32

栏目:

OA栏目

出版日期:

2022-08-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Chinese Students’ Mental Health Problems: The Detection Rate and Educational Implications

作者:

俞国良

中国人民大学 心理研究所

Author(s):

YU Guo-liang

Institute of Psychology, Renmin University of China

关键词:

中国学生; 心理健康问题; 检出率; 元分析; 教育启示

Keywords:

Chinese students; mental health problems; detection rate; meta-analysis; educational implications

分类号:

G525.5

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

根据心理健康问题临床和实践经验，把心理健康问题界定为内化问题和外化问题两类。因为心理健康问题检出率在诸多研究中存在较大分歧，所以我们对我国大中小学生心理健康问题检出率进行了系统研究。检索时间以2010年智能手机产生作为学生心理健康问题关键影响因素，横跨十年，共检索10424项研究成果，1135项纳入检出率的元分析。其中，小学生101项，初中生222项，高中生252项，大学生560项。被试总人数为3248179名学生。结果表明：(1)小学生心理健康问题检出率由高到低依次是睡眠问题(25.2%)、抑郁(14.6%)、焦虑(12.3%)、攻击行为(4.1%)、退缩(3.8%)、违纪行为(3.7%)、躯体化(3.6%)；(2)初中生心理健康问题检出率由高到低依次为焦虑(27%)、抑郁(24%)、自我伤害(22%)、睡眠问题(17%)、自杀意念(17%)、自杀计划(7%)、自杀企图(未遂)(4%)；(3)高中生心理健康问题检出率由高到低依次是抑郁(28.0%)、焦虑(26.3%)、睡眠问题(23.0%)、自我伤害(22.8%)、自杀意念(17.1%)、躯体化(9.8%)、自杀计划(6.9%)、自杀企图(未遂)(2.9%)；(4)大学生心理健康问题检出率由高到低依次是睡眠问题(23.5%)、抑郁(20.8%)、自我伤害(16.2%)、焦虑(13.7%)、自杀意念(10.8%)、躯体化(4.5%)、自杀未遂(2.7%)。总体而言，我国大中小学生抑郁、焦虑、睡眠问题和自我伤害检出率偏高，其整体心理健康状况堪忧，需要引起全社会的高度警觉。作为一个证据，可资于我国学生心理健康问题检出率的循证及其教育政策编制、心理健康教育实践的依据，有的放矢地对不同年龄学生、不同心理健康问题进行分类预防和精准干预。未来应立足中国大地，着力构建中国特色的心理健康教育长效机制，编制科学的测量工具和筛查标准，建立与完善心理健康动态监测体系和学校心理健康服务体系。

Abstract:

Based on clinical experience, mental health problems include internalizing problems and externalizing problems. Since the detection rates of mental health problems were significantly inconsistent across studies, we systematically reviewed the detection rates among college, middle school and primary school students in China. Inclusion criteria: First, 1,0424 studies with “students’ mental health problems” as keywords published from January 2010 to December 2020 were screened. After excluding the duplication and irrelevant studies, 1135 studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, with 101 studies regarding the detection rate of mental health problems among primary school students, 222 junior high school students, 252 senior high school students, and 560 college students. A total of 324,8179 participants were tested. Results: (1) The detection rates of primary school students’ mental health problems from high to low in turn are: sleep problems (25.2%), depression (14.6%), anxiety (12.3%), attack (4.1%), withdrawal (3.8%), disciplinary violations (3.7%), and somatization (3.6%); (2) The detection rates of junior high school students’ mental health problems from high to low in turn are: anxiety (2%), depression (24%), self-injury (22%), sleep problems (17%), suicidal ideation (17%), suicide plans (6%), and attempted suicide (4%); (3) The detection rates of high school students’ mental health problems from high to low are: depression (28.0%), anxiety (26.3%), self-injury (23.0%), sleep problems (22.8%), suicidal ideation (17.1%), somatization (9.8%), suicide plans (6.9%), attempted suicide (2.9%); (4) The detection rates of college students’ mental health problems from high to low are: sleep problems (23.5%), depression (20.8%), self-injury (16.2%), anxiety (13.7%), suicidal ideation (10.8%), somatization (4.5%), and attempted suicide (2.7%). In general, the detection rates of depression, anxiety, sleep problems and self-injury among primary school, middle school and college students in China are high, indicating that student’s overall mental health is worrying and needs to arouse high alert from the whole society. The results can be used as evidence for the detection rate of mental health problems in Chinese adolescent students and the basis for the formulation of educational policies and the practice of mental health education, so as to carry out targeted prevention and precise intervention for students of different ages and different mental health problems. Future studies should focus on building a long-term mechanism of mental health education with Chinese characteristics, working out scientific measuring tools and screening standards, and establishing a dynamic monitoring system of mental health and school mental health service system.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-08-20