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清华大学教育研究[ISSN:1001-4519/CN:11-1610/G4]

卷:

期数:

2022年04期

页码:

11-19

栏目:

OA栏目

出版日期:

2022-08-20

文章信息/Info

Title:

Creating Wise People: General Education in Universities Needs to be Redesigned in the 21st Century

作者:

龚 放

南京大学 教育研究院

Author(s):

GONG Fang

Institute of Education, Nanjing University

关键词:

大学通识教育; 重新设计; 造就智慧之士

Keywords:

university general education;  redesigned;  creating wise people

分类号:

G649.2

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

满足个人成长发展的需要与满足所在社会发展进步的需要，是任何国家和地区高等教育的立身之本。在世界高等教育发展的历史进程中，很难找到一个完全排斥功用且“不问西东”而纯粹只讲理想和理性的高等学校。我们需要的，是在大学的“理想”与“功用”之间寻求平衡，必须重新认识新时代大学通识教育的使命与目标，必须重新探索“造就智慧之士”的方法、途径和载体。当代高等教育应当理直气壮地教会千百万大学生“以何为生”的知识与本领，同时，帮助莘莘学子不忘家国情怀，探求“何以为生”的缘由，成为既“为稻粱谋”，又“为天下忧”的栋梁之才，成为能够在百年变局中把握大局、开创新局的“智慧之士”。这才是21世纪大学通识教育的“人间正道”。重构21世纪的大学通识教育需要着力解决的难点问题有三：一是多管齐下，将与时俱进、丰富多样的通识课程，与适度、精当的名著导读统筹整合，精心设计，使之相辅相成；二是激发青年学子开阔视野、体悟智慧的主观能动性，变阅读为“悦读”，将求知与审思、批判融为一体，以形成洞察世界之慧眼，体悟激浊扬清之慧识，臻于超越小我之慧心；三是重构平等对话、教学相长的师生关系，发挥大学师生共同体在提升智慧水平、造就智慧之士进程中的不可替代作用。

Abstract:

Meeting the needs of personal development and social improvement is the fundamental function of higher education in every country and region. It is hard to find a university that cares only about ideals and rationality while rejecting utility during the historical development of higher education in the world. What we need is to seek the balance between the “ideals” and “uses” of a university. In addition to studying for practical purposes and avoiding useless learning, university education in the 21st century should also work hard to create “the talents who are educated and are capable of using all their wisdom and broad perspectives to deal with the constantly changing problems of their era” as expected by American scholar Abraham Flexner. It is necessary to re-examine the missions and goals of university general education in the new era. It is also necessary to re-explore the methods, routes and carriers of the “creation of wise people.”Higher education today should be self-confident to convey the knowledge and skills of making a living to millions of students. Meanwhile, it should also help students to care about their motherland and explore the reasons of why to live in the world, and become the pillars of society who not only worry about how to make a living but are also very much concerned about the fortune of their motherland, and become the wise people who are capable of controlling the whole situations and creating new opportunities during the current rapidly changing global situations never seen for one hundred years. This is just what general education in universities should do in the 21st century. There are three challenges in reconstructing the 21st-century university-level general education. The first one is using a variety of methods to integrate the diverse and updating general education courses with the proper and exquisite instructed reading of the Great Books. This requires an exquisite design that allows the two components to promote each other. The second one is encouraging the students to broaden their perspectives and to taste and appreciate the flavor of wisdom, change reading to be “pleasant reading,” and combine knowledge pursuit with reflective and critical thinking, in order to form the wise eyes to observe the world, appreciate the wise sense to distinguish between good and bad things, and to eventually establish the wise heart to exceed one’s limitations. The third one is re-establishing the teacher-student relationship of equal dialogue and mutual benefit between teaching and learning to exert the unique function of the university teachers’ and students’ community in promoting the levels of wisdom and creating wise people.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-08-20