资本扩张真的不会加重学业负担吗？ ——兼答《限制资本能解决“减负难”问题吗？》-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: Does Capital Expansion Really Not Increase the Student Burden？ ——Re-discussion of “Can Restricting Capital Reduce Student Burden?”

Author(s):: MA Jian-sheng LIU Yun-hua; Institute of International and Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University

Keywords:: burden reduction policy; education supply; education demand; capital expansion; illusory demand

摘要:: 厘清资本与教育之间的关系对减负政策的制定和实施而言均具有重要意义。从供给与需求的角度看，当前义务教育阶段的教育供给包括校内学校供给和校外培训机构提供的教育供给；教育需求包括学生学习的实际需求和由资本创造、膨胀出来的虚幻需求。资本通过广告营销等制度设计打造出了校外培训教育的“生产—需求—消费”系统，并将其美化为“需求—生产—消费”的过程，颠倒了生产和需求的位置，从而顺利完成盈利的目的。限制资本在教育中的无序扩张，可以减少教育中的虚幻需求，遏止错误教育观念的传播，降低无效教育供给，从而减轻过重的学业负担。在我国教育发展的新阶段，需要进一步厘清资本与教育的关系，规范资本的活动方式和范围，保障教育产品的公共属性和公益性，促进教育公平。

Abstract:: Clarifying the relationship between capital and education is of great significance to the formulation and implementation of burden reduction policies. From the perspective of supply and demand, the education supply in the current stage of compulsory education includes in-school supply and off-school supply which provided by off-school training institutions. The educational demand includes two parts: the actual demand of students’ study and the illusory demand created by capital. In order to achieve the purpose of profit, capital designed the “production-demand-consumption” system in off-school training through advertising and marketing, and meanwhile beautified it as a process of “demand-production-consumption,” reversing the position of production and demand.Restricting the disorderly expansion of capital in education can reduce the illusory demand in education, prevent the spread of wrong educational ideas, decrease the ineffective supply of education, and alleviate the excessive student burden. In the new stage of education development in China, it is necessary to further clarify the relationship between capital and education, standardize the way and scope of capital activities, ensure the public property and public welfare of educational products, and promote educational equity.