战后美国公共教育改革中的“变”与“不变”-清华大学教育研究

文章信息/Info

Title:: The?Changed?and?the?Unchanged?in?American?PublicEducation?Reform?after?the?World?War?II

Author(s):: CHEN Lu-xi SU Yi-qing YANG Yan; Faculty?of?Education,?Beijing?Normal?University

Keywords:: American public education; federal role; the new middle class; culture control

摘要:: 战后美国公共教育改革中的“钟摆”问题是学界已达成的共识；但我们对于“钟摆”问题的认识不能仅停留在对一次又一次教育改革浪潮的叙事之中，更重要的是理解“钟摆”背后的动力机制问题。经研究，本文认为，战后美国公共教育改革中“钟摆”问题所遮蔽的是联邦政府角色的持续扩张；这是自公共学校运动以来美国公共教育系统的集权化倾向的体现，究其原因是美国在镀金时代新中产阶级崛起使得社会矛盾的“安全阀”不断扩大，是晚期资本主义文化逻辑的推进。这一社会框架使得集权政府、市场机制、阶级、教育与文化的“嵌含”成了一种必然出现的形态，发挥了巨大着“向心力”作用，使得教育改革乃至整体的社会改革就如同“钟摆”一样，永远不会偏离社会主流价值太远。

Abstract:: The idea about the “pendulum” in American public education after the World War II had been widely accepted. Beside the narrate of the “pendulum”, we also need to interpret the dynamic mechanism behind the “pendulum”. The research suggested that what behind the “pendulum” was the continuing expansion of the federal role in American public education; it reflected the centralization movement in the post war times, which was supported by the growing up of the New Middle Class and the late-Capitalism culture strategy. This framework made the centralized government, the market, the class, the education and the culture “embedded” together, becoming the centripetal force that helped the educational and social reform stay stable and shaped the “pendulum”.